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Last modified: November 24, 2004, 10:28 AM PST
By Declan McCullagh
Staff Writer, CNET News.com
The CIA is quietly funding federal research into surveillance of Internet chat
rooms as part of an effort to identify possible terrorists, newly released
documents reveal.
In April 2003, the CIA agreed to fund a series of research projects that the
documents indicate were intended to create "new capabilities to combat
terrorism through advanced technology." One of those projects is research
at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N.Y., devoted to automated
monitoring and profiling of the behavior of chat-room users.
Even though the money ostensibly comes from the National Science Foundation,
CIA officials were involved in selecting recipients for the research grants,
according to a contract between the two agencies obtained by the Electronic
Privacy Information Center (EPIC) and reviewed by CNET News.com.
NSF program director Leland Jameson said Wednesday the two-year agreement
probably will not be renewed for the 2005 fiscal year. "Probably we won't
be working with the CIA anymore at all," Jameson said. "I think that
people have moved on to other things."
The NSF grant for chat-room surveillance was reported earlier this year, but
without disclosure of the CIA's role in the project. The NSF-CIA memorandum of
understanding says that while the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks and the fight against
terrorism presented U.S. spy agencies with surveillance challenges, existing
spy "capabilities can be significantly enhanced with advanced
technology."
EPIC director Marc Rotenberg, whose nonprofit group obtained the documents
through the Freedom of Information Act, said the CIA's clandestine involvement
was worrisome. "The intelligence community is changing the priorities of
scientific research in the U.S.," Rotenberg said. "You have to be
careful that the National Science Foundation doesn't become the National Spy
Foundation."
A CIA representative would not answer questions, saying the agency's policy is
never to talk about funding. The two Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
researchers involved, Bulent Yener and Mukkai Krishnamoorthy, did not respond
to interview requests.
Their proposal, also disclosed under the Freedom of Information Act, received
$157,673 from the CIA and NSF. It says: "We propose a system to be
deployed in the background of any chat room as a silent listener for
eavesdropping...The proposed system could aid the intelligence community to
discover hidden communities and communication patterns in chat rooms without
human intervention."
Yener and Krishnamoorthy, both associate professors of computer science, wrote
that their research would involve writing a program for "silently
listening" to an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) channel and "logging all
the messages." One of the oldest and most popular methods
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for chatting online, IRC attracts hundreds of thousands of users every day. A
history written by IRC creator Jarkko Oikarinen said the concept grew out of
chat technology for modem-based bulletin boards in the 1980s.
The Yener and Krishnamoorthy proposal says their research will begin Jan. 1,
2005 but does not say which IRC servers will be monitored.
A June 2004 paper they published, also funded by the NSF, described a project
that quietly monitored users of the popular Undernet network, which has about
144,000 users and 50,000 channels. In the paper, Yener and Krishnamoorthy
predicted their work "could aid (the) intelligence community to eavesdrop
in chat rooms, profile chatters and identify hidden groups of chatters in a
cost-effective way" and that their future research will focus on
identifying "topic-based information."
Al Teich, director of science and policy programs at the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, said he does not object to the CIA funding
terrorism-related research in general.
"I don't know about chat-room surveillance, but doing research on issues
related to terrorism is certainly legitimate," Teich said. "Whether
the CIA ought to be funding research in universities in a clandestine manner
is a different issue."
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