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Tolerance and cross-tolerance to neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis users
Author: Psychopharmacology
Publication: Psychopharmacology via MedWorm.com
Date: Wednesday, November 03, 2010
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Abstract
Introduction
Previous research has shown that heavy cannabis users develop tolerance
to the impairing effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on
neurocognitive functions. Animal studies suggest that chronic cannabis
consumption may also produce cross-tolerance for the impairing effects
of alcohol, but supportive data in humans is scarce.
Purpose
The present study was designed to assess tolerance and cross-tolerance
to the neurocognitive effects of THC and alcohol in heavy cannabis
users.
Methods
Twenty-one heavy cannabis users participated in a double-blind,
placebo-controlled, three-way study. Subjects underwent three
alcohol-dosing conditions that were designed to achieve a steady blood
alcohol concentration of about 0, 0.5, and 0.7 mg/ml during a 5-h
time window. In addition, subjects smoked a THC cigarette (400 μg/kg)
at 3 h post-onset of alcohol dosing during every alcohol condition.
Performance tests were conducted repeatedly between 0 and 7 h after
onset of drinking and included measures of perceptual motor control
(critical tracking task), dual task processing (divided-attention task),
motor inhibition (stop-signal task), and cognition (Tower of London).
Results
Alcohol significantly impaired critical tracking, divided attention, and
stop-signal performance. THC generally did not affect task performance.
However, combined effects of THC and alcohol on divided attention were
bigger than those by alcohol alone.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the present study generally confirms that heavy cannabis
users develop tolerance to the impairing effects of THC on
neurocognitive task performance. Yet, heavy cannabis users did not
develop cross-tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol, and the
presence of the latter even selectively potentiated THC effects on
measures of divided attention.
Keywords THC - Alcohol - Tolerance - Impulsivity - Cognition - Performance
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