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Frequently Asked Questions With Answers
On Marijuana Cannabis Cultivation
Return Back To OnlinePot's Grow
Guides
Main Grow Page#1
Or Main Grow
Page#2
·What is Hydroponics?
·What is pH?
·What is PPM?
·What is EC?
·What is the difference between
High Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide?
·Should I use Sodium or Halide?
·Why do people use Metal Halides
for vegetative growth and High Pressure Sodium's for flowering?
·What size light should I purchase?
·Do I need a ballast?
·Are HID lights efficient?
·Can I interchange bulbs between systems?
·Do these lights require any special wiring?
·What kind of
plants can be grown using hydroponics?
·How often should I change my
nutrient solution?
·Can I transfer plants from soil to
hydroponics?
·Do plants grown using hydroponics taste
better than plants grown in soil?
·What method of gardening is
better hydroponics or organic farming?
·What is the
difference between Aeroponics and Aero-Hydroponics?
·Why does an ebb and flow tray
system have two fittings?
·How often do I need to
water my plants in an ebb and flow system?
·How long should I water the plants for in
an ebb and flow system?
·What Co2 system is right for me?
·What is the difference between
Miracle-Gro and other commercially available fertilizers and hydroponics
nutrients?
·What is the desired temperature range for the nutrient solution?
·How much electricity will I save running a grow light 240
volt?
·How do I tell if my seeds are viable?
What is Hydroponics?
Hydroponics is the method of growing plants using a soil less
media which could include a wide variety of examples like: gravel, peat,
vermiculite Perlite, old rubber tires,
rock wool, and expanded clay aggregates. The minerals that the plant needs
are dissolved into the water which is then watered directly to the plants.
So, in short instead of the plants searching throughout the soil for their
minerals they draw them directly from the water that they are being fed.
What is pH?
A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution,
numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing
alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. We recommend that you
keep your solution at about 6.5 because that is the point at which the nutrients
are the most soluble.
What is PPM?
PPM is very easily defined as Parts Per Million and can be
used as the measurement of a number of different things. More commonly in
the hydroponics world, this measurement is used to measure the amount of Total
Dissolved Solids in your nutrient solution or how much Co2 is in your
atmosphere.
What is EC?
EC is a unit of measure to gauge the Electrical Conductivity
of a solution. An EC meter applies an electrical voltage to the solution
and reads the conductivity that is produced from the motion of mineral Ions.
What is
the difference between High Pressure Sodium and Metal Halide?
The difference between these two types of HID (High Intensity
Discharge) lights is the color spectrum that is emitted from each. The
High Pressure Sodium bulb emits light that is concentrated in the red to yellow
side of the spectrum and are weak in the blue-violet end. While the Metal
Halide bulb emits light that is very balanced and contains all the energy peaks
at wavelengths of the visible spectrum. Visually the Sodium bulbs will appear
very yellow-orange and the Halide bulbs will appear more blue-white in color.
Should I use
Sodium or Halide?
The Halide lights have a very balanced spectrum and are
excellent for vegetative growth or leafy plants like lettuce and basil.
The Halide lights produce between 65-115 lumens per watt which is a measure of
the efficiency of the bulb, or how much light you are producing for the amount
of electricity you are using. The Sodium lights produce light that is very
bright and concentrated on the yellow to red side of the color spectrum.
This color is not as balanced as the Halide but makes up for the lacking of a
balanced spectrum in the amount of light given off by the bulb. The Sodium
bulbs produce between 97 to 150 lumens per watt which is much higher than the
Halide bulbs. The Sodium bulbs are superior in life expectancy and
efficiency while the Halides a superior in spectral distribution so your
decision will be based on what is more important to you.
Why do
people use Metal Halides for vegetative growth and High Pressure Sodium's for
flowering?
Many people switch between bulbs for different stages of
growth for a couple of reasons. First of all, Sodium bulbs have been known
to make some plants grow leggy and stretched out because of the yellow to red
spectrum that they give off. Metal Halides tend to keep these plants
tighter with less space between internodes. So some growers use the
Metal Halide lights during vegetative growth to keep the structural growth of
the plant nice and tight. But they switch to Sodium lights when the plants
begin to flower because the Sodium lights produce so much more light than the
Halides. Even though the Sodium's do not have as good a spectrum as the
Halides the intense light that is put off by the Sodium's aids in flower
development and fruit set. Do not be fooled though, you can use
either light throughout the life of a plant and get excellent results.
What size light should I
purchase?
The first thing you need to do is figure out what kind of
square footage you are dealing with. Do not just figure for the whole room
figure out what the plant area is that you need to cover and multiply length x
width to get the square footage. Now, you will want to try and achieve at
least 30 watts per square foot. So if you have a 4 x 4 area which is
16 square feet and you multiply by 30 watts, you get 480 watts. So for a 4
x 4 area you will need to use at least a 430 watt light. Remember though
that the amount of light required will depend on the plants because some plants
like lots of light and some like low levels of light.
Do I need a ballast?
Yes. A ballast is required to start the lamp and to
increase the voltage required to run the lamp. The ballast is responsible
for starting the lamps by providing a high, fast charge of electricity.
After the bulb lights, the range of voltage and current are controlled by the
transformer which is why the bulbs operate so efficiently.
Are HID lights
efficient?
Yes, very efficient compared to standard incandescent bulbs
found in your house. For example one 1000 watt sodium bulb produces as
much light as about 87 standard 100 watt incandescent bulbs.
Can I interchange
bulbs between systems?
No. You should never interchange bulbs between systems
unless they are specifically made to do so. Lots of people ask if they can
use a 250 watt bulb in a 400 watt system and the answer is definitely not.
You could put yourself at risk by doing something like this because the bulb
could become unstable and explode. You should also never put Halide
bulbs in a High Pressure Sodium system because the ballast's are only meant to
run the type of bulb they are rated for and a Halide bulb in a Sodium system
could overheat and explode also. There are conversion bulbs manufactured
that are High Pressure Sodium bulbs that are meant to run off of a Halide
ballast. But once again only put the bulb in a system it is rated for.
Do these lights require any
special wiring?
No. All systems manufactured by Greentrees are
completely wired and just need to be plugged into any grounded wall outlet.
Custom voltages can be built into ballast's per customer request (208v, 240v,
277v). Do not attempt to change the voltage of the ballast unless you are
an experienced electrician. Connecting the wrong wires could result
in a fried ballast or bulb, and even worse a fire.
What
kind of plants can be grown using hydroponics?
Almost any type of plant can be grown using hydroponics some
are just more delicate than others. Usually if you can produce ideal
environmental conditions the hydroponic plants will be far superior to plants
from the same stock grown in soil.
How often
should I change my nutrient solution?
There really isn't an amount of time that should be used to
determine how often you should change your solution. A good rule of thumb
to follow first of all is to top your reservoir off with fresh water without any
nutrient added. This is because you will lose water to evaporation and
plant uptake but the strength of the solution does not necessarily drop with the
level of the water. So, in some cases as the reservoir water level drops
the solution concentration actually goes up or gets stronger. So, add only
fresh water and then adjust your pH accordingly. Try and keep a record of
how much water you are putting in the reservoir to top it off and once the
amount of water added equals half of the reservoir capacity it is time to change
the solution and rinse the reservoir and growing medium. For example if
you have a 20 gallon reservoir and over the course of 12 days you have added 10
gallons of water, then it is time to change your solution.
Can I transfer
plants from soil to hydroponics?
Yes, you can all you need to do is wash the roots of the
plant by dipping in water and try to remove as much of the soil matter as
possible. Be very careful with the delicate roots so the plant doesn't go
into too much transplant shock. After the roots are somewhat clean
go ahead and pot the plant in any of your favorite hydroponic media and begin a
standard watering regimen with a touch of B-1 in the solution for a week or so
to aid in the recovery from transplanting.
Do plants grown using
hydroponics taste better than plants grown in soil?
Quite often this is the case because the plants grown
utilizing hydroponics have all the essential nutrients readily available to the
plant. In soil the important micro nutrients are often locked away in the
soil where the plants cannot take full advantage of these minerals. That
is why hydroponics is superior because the grower has complete control over what
minerals the plants are feeding on and in what quantities. This advantage
over soil often produces produce that is far superior in taste, color, size, and
nutritional value.
What
method of gardening is better hydroponics or organic farming?
This has been a debate for many many years and there still
isn't a very good answer to this question although there are quite a few good
articles that have a lot of information about the pros and cons of both methods.
Here is a link to an article on the
debate between organics and hydroponics.
What
is the difference between Aeroponics and Aero-Hydroponics?
There is a very simple definition of the difference between
these two methods of growing. Aeroponic systems have plants which roots
dangle in the air and the roots are sprayed with nutrient water. In an
Aero-Hydroponic system there are roots that dangle but half of the roots dangle
directly into water and the other half are sprayed with nutrient water.
The spraying action keeps the standing water moving and circulating at all times
which works excellent to get oxygen infused water to the roots. This
Aero-Hydroponic method has proven to work incredibly for rooting cuttings and
all other stages of growth as well.
Why does
an ebb and flow tray system have two fittings?
First of all the common names of those two fittings are a fill/drain
fitting and an overflow fitting. The fill/drain fitting is a fitting
that is attached to the pump and serves as the inlet for the water filling the
tray and also serves as the outlet for the water to drain back into the
reservoir. The overflow fitting consists of a number of different plumbing
parts and acts as a watering level regulator. The concept is quite
simple... you have a tray that is suspended somehow, or sitting on top of, a
reservoir. Now the pump turns on and begins pumping water into the tray
and the pump will stay on as long as the grower has determined the watering
cycle should be (usually 30 min.). As the water level rises in the tray it
reaches the top of the overflow fitting which then allows the water to spill
back down into the reservoir. So you have now filled the tray with water
and you are maintaining that watering level by means of the overflow fitting,
which does not allow the water level to rise any higher. Now when
the pump is turned off the water begins draining by means of gravity back down
through the fill/drain fitting, and through the pump, into the reservoir.
The height of the overflow is decided by the containers or growing media being
used. You only want the water level to rise and submerge about 50% to 75%
of the medium or containers. This is to keep the medium or containers from
floating and/or tipping over.
How
often do I need to water my plants in an ebb and flow system?
Watering will all depend on the type of plants being grown,
the size of those plants, and what type of medium you are using. As you
know plants are very particular about being over or under-watered so this is an
important question. First you need to determine if the medium you are
using is absorbent or repellant. If you are using Rockwool you are dealing
with an absorbent medium while Hydrocorn is a good example of a repellent medium
that doesn't hold a lot of water. You want your medium to be moist but not
drenched and you want your medium to dry out somewhat between waterings.
So, if you watch your plants before and after waterings it will be very easy to
tell if you are watering too much or too little. If your plants wilt
before you water, but perk up immediately after watering, you may want to water
a little more often. If your plants wilt just after watering than you are
watering too much, and you should allot a little more time in between waterings.
A good general rule of thumb is to start plants being watered about 2 to 3 times
a day and increase as plants show signs of needing water.
How long should I
water the plants for in an ebb and flow system?
In an ebb and flow system you are flooding a tray or pot full
of nutrient solution to feed the plant or plants in your system. You do
not want to keep the roots flooded for too long or you will risk drowning
delicate roots. A good rule of thumb for watering in an ebb flow system is
to water just long enough to completely flood your tray or pot with nutrient
solution and then let the system drain. Most readily available
timers have 30 minute increments so you may have to flood the tray for a little
longer than it takes to reach the overflow level. This is fine as long as
you do not keep the roots completely submerged for longer than an hour.
Roots like oxygen, and keeping them submerged for too long cuts off the oxygen
supply and can have fatal effects on your plants. So just remember to
water only long enough to fill the system completely, and don't keep the roots
submerged for too long.
What Co2
system is right for me?
The deciding factor in this problem is almost always heat.
Co2 generators burn either natural gas or propane to produce
Co2. The combustion of these fuels produces Co2 as a byproduct. Now
the downfall of the generators is the heat that is produced in the process.
While the generators are on they can raise temperatures in a grow room
considerably. The nice thing about generators is the availabilty of
propane or natural gas and the price of gas is considerably less than Co2.
On the other hand, Co2 regulators are hooked up to Co2 tanks
and regulate the amount of gas being emitted through the use of a timer and a
flowmeter. You set the Cubic Feet per Hour (CFH) on the regulator and open
the solenoid long enough to charge the room with Co2 up to the desired PPM using
the timer to control the intervals. Co2 regulator type systems do not
produce any heat at all but are more expensive to maintain then the generator
systems since the price of Co2 is much higher than propane or natural gas.
What is
the difference between Miracle-Gro and other commercially available fertilizers
and hydroponics nutrients?
Most of the fertilizers readily available are very general
purpose mixes that do not work well for all types of plants. The nutrients
that we sell are made specifically for plants grown in hydroponics systems that
utilize sterile growing mediums. Most commercially available fertilizers
are meant for fertilizing plants grown in soil and do not contain all the
necessary trace elements. Our fertilizers contain all those trace
elements, and are also made to be very soluble so that the plants can easily
uptake the nutrients from the watering solution. Those other fertilizers
will work to grow plants but they cannot compare to the results you will
experience with our nutrients. Most commercially available fertilizers are
like junk food for your plants giving you quick results that do not last very
long.
What is the
desired temperature range for the nutrient solution?
The optimal temperature of the nutrient solution should
be in the range of 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Letting water stand
uncovered in a container overnight will help dissipate any chlorine in the water
before you add it to the reservoir.
How much electricity will I save running
a grow light 240 volt?
There is no energy savings from running your lights at
240 volts. That is a misconception that many people have. The main
advantage is the fact that you can run more lights on one electrical circuit.
For example if you run a 20 amp 120 volt circuit, you can only run two 1000 watt
lights on that circuit. If you were to wire the circuit up for 240 volts
you can run four 1000 watt lights on that circuit. This makes for a lot
less wiring but does not save you on your electricity bill because each light
still uses the same amount of watts.
How can I tell if my seeds are
viable?
This can be accomplished by presoaking your seeds. Fill a
shot glass with distilled water and place your seeds in it. If they float they
are good viable seeds.
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